Clinical challenge of diagnosing non ventilator hospital acquired pneumonia and identifying causative pathogens: a narrative review ScienceDirect Main endogenous and exogenous risk factors for VAP. Download Scientific Diagram On this World Pneumonia Day, we shine a light on Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), a critical concern in intensive care units. Understanding the risks and causes of VAP is essential for improving Ventilator associated pneumonia: The central role of transcolonization ScienceDirect Ventilator associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment ScienceDirect